Civil Diary Online

In reality, the method we are going to explicate is not only extraordinary for leveling machine. Obviously, this technique can be used using tachometer and any other device like theodolite, etc. In case there are two points on earth surface like point A and point B and we require the distance between these two points. Here the distance signifies the horizontal distance between these two points. In order to find the distance, we just set the instrument at one of these points in the graduated staff rod. The method can be utilized using theodolite and tachometer. There’re 2 points on earth surface (point A and point B). The distance between these points is needed. Here, the distance indicates the horizontal distance amid the two points. To determine the distance, the instrument is set at one of the points. Furthermore, upper hair and lower hair readings are needed. Upper hair reading = 1.112 Lower hair reading = 0.654 Distance = [top reading – bottom reading] x co...

How to calculate land area at site The Solution is Heron’s Formula: If there is a triangle having three sides (a, b and c), and if you know the measurement of the three sides, then Area =  Where s is semi perimeter And s = (a + b + c)/2 Let’s suppose there is a land having irregular shape and we need to find the area of the land. In triangle ABD AB (a) = 3 m BD (b) = 4 m AD (c) = 5 m S = a + b + c /2 = (3 + 4 + 5)/2 = 6 m Area =  In triangle BCD BC (a) = 3 m CD (b) = 3 m DB (c) = 4 m S = (3 + 3 + 4)/2 = 5 m Area = 4.47 m 2 In triangle ADE Area = 3.8 m 2 Total area = 6 + 4.47 + 3.8 = 14.27 m 2 To get more details, go through the following video tutorial.

Layout of Simple Circular Curve  : The typical layout of simple circular curve is shown in the figure below. R   = Radius of Circular Curve BC = Beginning of Curve (or PC = Point of Curvature) EC   = End of Curve (or PT = Point of Tangency) PI   = Point of Intersection T   = Tangent Length (T = PI – BC = EC – PI) L   = Length of Curvature (L = EC – BC) M   = Middle Ordinate E  = External Distance C   = Chord Length Δ   = Deflection Angle Circular Curve Components Properties of Circular Curve: Degree of Curvature: Traditionally, the “steepness” of the curvature is defined by either the radius (R) or the degree of curvature (D). Degree of curvature  = angle subtended by an arc of length 100 feet. The diagram below is showing the degree of curvature. If the arc length is 100 feet then the angle will be the degree of curvature as shown in the figure below. Steepness of curve...

Introduction To Total Station The main instrument for surveyors on site today is the "total station". A total station is a combination of an electronic theodolite, an electronic distance measuring device (EDM) and a micro processor with memory unit. This combination makes possible to determine the coordinates of a reflector aligning the instruments cross hairs on the reflector and simultaneously measuring the vertical and horizontal angles and slope distances. A micro processor in the instrument takes care of recording, readings and the necessary computation. Advantages Of Total Station ◾Quick setting of the instrument on the tripod using laser plummet. ◾On- board area computation programme to compute the area of the field. ◾Local language support. ◾Full GIS creation(using mapinfo software). ◾Automation of old maps. ◾Greater accuracy in area computation. ◾Graphical view of plots and land for quick ◾Integration of data base. ◾The area computation at any user ...