Civil Diary Online

Civil Diary Online A caisson foundation is a type of deep foundation that is used for large structures like bridges, skyscrapers, and other heavy structures. It is a cylindrical structure that is drilled or dug into the ground, then filled with concrete or steel reinforcing bars. The process of installing a caisson foundation involves the following steps: Site Preparation: The area where the caisson is to be installed is cleared and leveled. Excavation: A hole is drilled or dug into the ground using a large drill or a mechanical auger. Reinforcement: Steel reinforcing bars, also called rebar, are inserted into the hole to strengthen the structure and provide support. Filling: The caisson is filled with concrete, which is poured from the top of the structure down to the bottom, displacing any water or soil that may be present. Capping: Once the concrete has set, a cap is installed on top of the caisson to support the structure that will be built on top. There are two types of caissons:...

Civil Diary Online There are several types of foundation used in construction, including: Strip Foundation: A strip foundation is a continuous strip of concrete that is used to support the load of a building. It is typically used for small structures, such as single-story buildings. Pad Foundation: A pad foundation is a type of shallow foundation that is used to support individual columns or piers. It consists of a single, thick slab of concrete that is placed directly beneath the column. Raft Foundation: A raft foundation is a large, flat slab of concrete that is used to support the entire structure. It is typically used in areas with weak soil or where the load on the foundation is heavy. Piled Foundation: A piled foundation is used when the soil is too weak to support a conventional foundation. Piles are driven into the ground and are used to transfer the load of the building to stronger soil or rock. Basement Foundation: A basement foundation is a type of foundation that is used t...

Civil Engineering Classes DESIGN PROCEDURES FOR A BUILDING FOUNDATION (STEP BY STEP)  Design Procedure of foundation Good design must not only be safe but must aim to save construction costs, time and materials. The following procedures should help to achieve this and an ‘educated’ client will recognize the importance of funding this work with a realistic fee. 1. DECIDE THE LOCATION OF COLUMNS & FOUNDATION AND TYPE OF LOADS ACTING ON THEM.(E.X DEAL LOAD, LIVE LOAD OR WIND LOAD) On the building plan, the position of columns and loadbearing walls should be marked, and any other induced loadings and bending moments. The loads should be classified into dead, imposed and wind loadings, giving the appropriate partial safety factors for these loads. 2. ESTIMATE ALLOWABLE BEARING PRESSURE OF SOIL USING GROUND INVESTIGATION REPORT. From a study of the site ground investigation (if available), the strength of the soil at various depths or strata below foundation level sh...

The following steps are followed in residential project construction; Construction of residential building required following paper work before the start of actual construction:- ✅ 1.Preparation of drawings as per requirements of consumers. ✅ 2.Estimation of material cost, labor cost & contingencies. ✅ 3.Approval of drawings & estimates from Client. ✅ 4.Approval of drawings from City Development Authority. It is most important because residential building drawings should meet the authority defined rules. ✅ 5.Start of construction work either through contractor or labor hired on daily basis. ✅ 6.Marking of plot boundaries. ✅ 7.Cleaning of plot. ✅ 8.Preparation of site layout as per drawing. After the completion of documentation work, the actual construction on plot begins. Following are the steps; 👉 EARTH WORK Generally excavation is carried out for the construction of wall foundations. Excavation should be carried out as per the drawings defined lengths &...

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