Civil Diary Online

Civil Engineering Requirements: THESE ARE THE TOP 10 CIVIL ENGINEERING REQUIREMENTS TO BECOME A SUCCESSFUL CIVIL ENGINEER: 1. Tests Of Building Materials: A good civil engineer should have proper knowledge of different tests of building materials. Some important tests are listed below. Concrete Test: Slump test, compression test, split tensile test, soundness etc.   Soil Test: Core cutter test, compaction test,sand replacement test, triaxial test, consolidation test etc. Bitumen Test: Ductility test, softening point test, gravity test, penetration test etc. 2. Investigation Of soil: Various soil tests are conducted to determine the settlement and stability of soils before starting a construction. So as a civil engineer, you should have enough knowledge of these tests which are performed at the site. 3. Uses Of Surveying Instruments: Usages of surveying instruments like the total station, theodolite etc is also a mandatory knowledge for every civil engineer. ...

1.FOUNDATION: – It is  direct contact with ground and transmitted all the dead, live and other loads to the soil on which the structure rests. 2.PLINTH: – The portion of a building and the top of the floor immediately above the ground is known as plinth. The level of the surrounding ground is known as formation level of the ground floor of the building is known as plinth level. 3.WALLS: – Walls are provided to enclose or divide the floor space n desired pattern in addition wall provided privacy security and give protection against sun, rain, cold and other undesired effect of the weather. 4.COLUMN: – A column may be defined as an isolated load bearing member, the width of which is neither less than its thickness. It carries the axially compressive load. 5.FLOORS: – Floors are flat supporting elements of a building. They divided a building into different levels. There by creating more accommodation on a given plot of land. The basic purpose of a floor is to provide a firm ...

1.Before starting any estimate of building, road and bridge, it should be seen that the plans are fully dimensioned , inner and outer dimensions should be checked before starting the estimate to avoid complications later on. 2.The estimate should be drawn sub-head-wise, to avoid omission of any item. 3.The nomenclature of every item should be according to the sanctioned schedule of rates to avoid claims of the contractors later on. 4.All items should be calculated in units, according to which the payment is to to be made (chapter on, units) 5.A detailed report according to the sub-heads should be attached. This should be self explanatory giving complete information. 6.Detailed drawings should be attached with every detailed estimate, with north line on the plan. 7.Detailed specifications of every item should be attached so that the work should be carried out accordingly & the specifications should be according to the latest edition of the P.W.D. specifications. 8.In or...

Introduction To Total Station The main instrument for surveyors on site today is the "total station". A total station is a combination of an electronic theodolite, an electronic distance measuring device (EDM) and a micro processor with memory unit. This combination makes possible to determine the coordinates of a reflector aligning the instruments cross hairs on the reflector and simultaneously measuring the vertical and horizontal angles and slope distances. A micro processor in the instrument takes care of recording, readings and the necessary computation. Advantages Of Total Station ◾Quick setting of the instrument on the tripod using laser plummet. ◾On- board area computation programme to compute the area of the field. ◾Local language support. ◾Full GIS creation(using mapinfo software). ◾Automation of old maps. ◾Greater accuracy in area computation. ◾Graphical view of plots and land for quick ◾Integration of data base. ◾The area computation at any user ...

Work activities vary depending on the type of employers and nature of the project but typically involve: ◾acting as the main technical adviser on a construction site for subcontractors, crafts people and operatives; ◾setting out, levelling and surveying the site; ◾checking plans, drawings and quantities for accuracy of calculations; ◾ensuring that all materials used and work performed are as per specifications; ◾overseeing the selection and requisition of materials and plant; ◾agreeing a price for materials, and making cost-effective solutions and proposals for the intended project; ◾managing, monitoring and interpreting the contract design documents supplied by the client or architect; ◾liaising with any consultants, subcontractors, supervisors, planners, quantity surveyors and the general workforce involved in the project; ◾liaising with the local authority (where appropriate to the project) to ensure compliance with local construction regulations and by-laws; ◾liaisi...

◾1 bag of cement = .0347 cum ◾1 sqm = 10.76 sqft ◾1 inch = 25.4 mm ◾Weight in Kilograms of Mild Steel (Sheet,grill etc.) = (Volume x Density of Mild Steel) = Length x Width x Thickness x 7850 kg/cum. Eg. 2.5 m x 1.25 m x .001 m x 7850 = 24.53 KGs……….. [ Keep a notice on the units ] ◾1 tonne = 1000 KGs ◾1 quintal = 100 KGs ◾1 Acre = 43560 sq. ft = 4046.46 sqm ◾1 cum = 35.32 cuft ◾Unit Weight of Steel Bar = D^2/162 where D is the diameter of the bar. Eg. 12 mm dia bars, unit weight = 12*12/162 = 0.89 kg/m. [Unit weight in this case is the weight of steel bar per meter ]. ◾1 ton and 1 tonne are different things. 1 ton is US ton which is 907.18 KGs. 1 tonne or 1 MT(usually referred as MT in BOQs) is 1000 KGs. ◾In some cases earthworks will be in % Cum wherein you will need to divide the amount by 100. Eg. Earth work in excavation of foundation trenches or drains, Qty = 24295 %cum Rate = Rs. 9161.6 Amount = 24295*9161.6/100. Standard conversion factors INCH = 25.4 MILLIMETRE...

Following precautions should be taken during placing of concrete. • The formwork or the surface which is to receive the fresh concrete should be properly cleaned, prepared and well watered. • It is desirable to deposit concrete as near as practicable to its final position. •The large quantities of concrete should not be deposited at a time. Otherwise the concrete will start to flow along the formwork and consequently the resulting concrete will not have uniform composition. •The concrete should be dropped vertically from a reasonable height. For vertical laying of concrete, care should be taken to use stiff mix. Otherwise the bleeding of concrete through cracks in forms will take place. The term bleeding is used to mean the diffusion or running of concrete through formwork. •The concrete should be deposited in horizontal layers of about 150 mm height. For mass concrete, the layers may be of 400 mm to 500 mm height. The accumulation of excess water in upper layers is known as t...

Role of Construction Site Engineer depends on the type of work involved and experience of site engineer in a construction project. The duties and responsibilities of a construction site engineer are typically as follows, many of these will be delegated to other engineers on the site according to their experience and ability:  Setting out the works in accordance with the drawings and specification Liaising with the project planning engineer regarding construction programmes Checking materials and work in progress for compliance with the specified requirements Observance of safety requirements Resolving technical issues with employer’s representatives, suppliers, subcontractors and statutory authorities Quality control in accordance with CSIs/procedures method statements, quality plans and inspection and test plans, all prepared by the project management team and by subcontractors Liaising with company or project purchasing department to ensure that purchase orders ad...

OPC = Ordinary Portland Cement PPC : Pozzolonic Portland cement (FYI : PPC is environment friendly as it consists fly ash in some specific percentages by parts, which is a waste product of burnt coal, usually collected from thermal power plants) OPC (m53) attains strength in a shorter time, while PPC (m43) takes longer. OPC therefore dries more quickly, but produces more heat during chemical reaction during which it gains strength, as compared to PPC Faster is the drying process, more is the risk of cracking of cement, and therefore it need more care and more amount of water for curing in a lesser time. PPC on the other hand can attain strength equal to OPC, but takes a longer time. For a building slab, PPC is more widely used since it requires less care. The strength depends on design mix (the water cement and aggregate ratio) more than type of cement. so essentially, If you need construction to take place faster and have means for good curing, you may use OPC. But if y...