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💠 Important Engg Information to be kept for Record.: 1 Gunta = 121 Sq yards. 1 Gunta = 101.171 Sq Meter. 1 Gaj = 1 Yard 1 Yard = 36 inch 1 Yard = 3 feet 1 Yard = 0.9144 meter = 1 mtr. 1 sq Yard = 0.83612 Sq meter. 1 sq Yard = 9 sq feet. 1 Sq yard = 1296 Sq inch. 1 Meter = 1.0936 Yards. 1 Meter = 39.370 inch. 1 Meter = 3.280 feet. 1 Sq meter = 1.1959 Sq yard. 1 Sq meter = 1550 Sq inch. 1 Sq Meter = 10.763 Sq feet. 1 feet = 0.304 meter. 1 feet = 0.333 yards. 1 feet =12 inch 1 Sq feet = 0.111 Sq Yard. 1 Sq feet = 0.09290 Sq Meter. 1 Sq feet = 144 Sq inch. 1 inch = 2.54 cm. 1 Inch = 0.0254 meter. 1 Inch = 0.0277 yards. 1 Inch = 0.0833 feet. 1 Sq Inch = 0.00064516 Sq Meter. 1 Sq Inch = 0.00077160 Sq Yards. 1 Sq Inch = 0.00694444 Sq feet. 1 Acre = 4046.86 Sq Meter. 1 Acre = 4840 Sq yards. 1 Acre = 43560 Sq feet. 👍👍👍 apla Mangesh ... [30/4 22:14] C nitin: CONCRETE GRADE: M5 = 1:4:8 M10= 1:3:6 M15= 1:2:4 M20= ...

✅ Abbrivations used in Civil Engineering: • DPC - Damp proof course. • RCC - Reinforced cement concrete. • RBC - Reinforced Brick concrete. • R.B.W - Reinforced brick work. • C.I.Sheet - Corrugated Iron sheet. • C.I.Pipe - Cast iron pipe. • NCF - Neat cement finishing. • SWG - Standard wire gauge. • MB - Measurement book. • GP - Ground plane. • VP - Vertical plane. • HP - Horizontal plane. • CP - Cement plaster. • LC - Lime concrete. • CC - Cement concrete. • AC - Asbests cement. • CS - Comparative statement. • PERT - Programme Evaluation and Review Technique. • CPM - Critical path method . • USD - Ultimate strength design. • W.S.D - Working stress design. • PL - Plinth level. • GL - Ground level. • EGL - Existing ground level. • OGL - Original ground level . • FGL - Formation ground level. • HFL - Highest flood level. • RL - Reduced level. • A.C.I - American concrete institute. • A.A.S.H.T.O - American Association of state highway Transport Official....

Calculation Of Materials For Different Mix Ratio: Quantity estimation of materials is essentially required in any construction works and quantity of materials depend on the mix proportions of the concrete. In our previous article, we have already discussed how to calculate bricks in a wall.  Today we will discuss how to calculate quantities of materials for different mix ratio of concrete. (Dry mix method) We will calculate quantities of materials for 1 m3 concrete (By volume). Let us assume the mix proportion is 1 : 2: 4 (cement:sand:stone =a:b:c)   Volume of wet concrete = 1 m3 Volume of dry concrete = 1 × 1.54 = 1.54 m3 What Is 1.54 Given Above in Figure Calculation For Cement: Formula, Cement = (Volume of dry concrete/a+b+c) × a = (1.54/a+b+c) × a = [(1.54/1+2+4)] × 1 = 0.22 cum Now density of cement = 1440 kg/cum ∴ Volume of cement = 0.22 ×  1440 =316.8 kg. As we know, 1 bag of cement contains 50 kg of cement . ∴ Cement bags requir...

Civil Engineering Requirements: THESE ARE THE TOP 10 CIVIL ENGINEERING REQUIREMENTS TO BECOME A SUCCESSFUL CIVIL ENGINEER: 1. Tests Of Building Materials: A good civil engineer should have proper knowledge of different tests of building materials. Some important tests are listed below. Concrete Test: Slump test, compression test, split tensile test, soundness etc.   Soil Test: Core cutter test, compaction test,sand replacement test, triaxial test, consolidation test etc. Bitumen Test: Ductility test, softening point test, gravity test, penetration test etc. 2. Investigation Of soil: Various soil tests are conducted to determine the settlement and stability of soils before starting a construction. So as a civil engineer, you should have enough knowledge of these tests which are performed at the site. 3. Uses Of Surveying Instruments: Usages of surveying instruments like the total station, theodolite etc is also a mandatory knowledge for every civil engineer. ...

1.FOUNDATION: – It is  direct contact with ground and transmitted all the dead, live and other loads to the soil on which the structure rests. 2.PLINTH: – The portion of a building and the top of the floor immediately above the ground is known as plinth. The level of the surrounding ground is known as formation level of the ground floor of the building is known as plinth level. 3.WALLS: – Walls are provided to enclose or divide the floor space n desired pattern in addition wall provided privacy security and give protection against sun, rain, cold and other undesired effect of the weather. 4.COLUMN: – A column may be defined as an isolated load bearing member, the width of which is neither less than its thickness. It carries the axially compressive load. 5.FLOORS: – Floors are flat supporting elements of a building. They divided a building into different levels. There by creating more accommodation on a given plot of land. The basic purpose of a floor is to provide a firm ...

1.Before starting any estimate of building, road and bridge, it should be seen that the plans are fully dimensioned , inner and outer dimensions should be checked before starting the estimate to avoid complications later on. 2.The estimate should be drawn sub-head-wise, to avoid omission of any item. 3.The nomenclature of every item should be according to the sanctioned schedule of rates to avoid claims of the contractors later on. 4.All items should be calculated in units, according to which the payment is to to be made (chapter on, units) 5.A detailed report according to the sub-heads should be attached. This should be self explanatory giving complete information. 6.Detailed drawings should be attached with every detailed estimate, with north line on the plan. 7.Detailed specifications of every item should be attached so that the work should be carried out accordingly & the specifications should be according to the latest edition of the P.W.D. specifications. 8.In or...

Introduction To Total Station The main instrument for surveyors on site today is the "total station". A total station is a combination of an electronic theodolite, an electronic distance measuring device (EDM) and a micro processor with memory unit. This combination makes possible to determine the coordinates of a reflector aligning the instruments cross hairs on the reflector and simultaneously measuring the vertical and horizontal angles and slope distances. A micro processor in the instrument takes care of recording, readings and the necessary computation. Advantages Of Total Station ◾Quick setting of the instrument on the tripod using laser plummet. ◾On- board area computation programme to compute the area of the field. ◾Local language support. ◾Full GIS creation(using mapinfo software). ◾Automation of old maps. ◾Greater accuracy in area computation. ◾Graphical view of plots and land for quick ◾Integration of data base. ◾The area computation at any user ...

Work activities vary depending on the type of employers and nature of the project but typically involve: ◾acting as the main technical adviser on a construction site for subcontractors, crafts people and operatives; ◾setting out, levelling and surveying the site; ◾checking plans, drawings and quantities for accuracy of calculations; ◾ensuring that all materials used and work performed are as per specifications; ◾overseeing the selection and requisition of materials and plant; ◾agreeing a price for materials, and making cost-effective solutions and proposals for the intended project; ◾managing, monitoring and interpreting the contract design documents supplied by the client or architect; ◾liaising with any consultants, subcontractors, supervisors, planners, quantity surveyors and the general workforce involved in the project; ◾liaising with the local authority (where appropriate to the project) to ensure compliance with local construction regulations and by-laws; ◾liaisi...

◾1 bag of cement = .0347 cum ◾1 sqm = 10.76 sqft ◾1 inch = 25.4 mm ◾Weight in Kilograms of Mild Steel (Sheet,grill etc.) = (Volume x Density of Mild Steel) = Length x Width x Thickness x 7850 kg/cum. Eg. 2.5 m x 1.25 m x .001 m x 7850 = 24.53 KGs……….. [ Keep a notice on the units ] ◾1 tonne = 1000 KGs ◾1 quintal = 100 KGs ◾1 Acre = 43560 sq. ft = 4046.46 sqm ◾1 cum = 35.32 cuft ◾Unit Weight of Steel Bar = D^2/162 where D is the diameter of the bar. Eg. 12 mm dia bars, unit weight = 12*12/162 = 0.89 kg/m. [Unit weight in this case is the weight of steel bar per meter ]. ◾1 ton and 1 tonne are different things. 1 ton is US ton which is 907.18 KGs. 1 tonne or 1 MT(usually referred as MT in BOQs) is 1000 KGs. ◾In some cases earthworks will be in % Cum wherein you will need to divide the amount by 100. Eg. Earth work in excavation of foundation trenches or drains, Qty = 24295 %cum Rate = Rs. 9161.6 Amount = 24295*9161.6/100. Standard conversion factors INCH = 25.4 MILLIMETRE...

Following precautions should be taken during placing of concrete. • The formwork or the surface which is to receive the fresh concrete should be properly cleaned, prepared and well watered. • It is desirable to deposit concrete as near as practicable to its final position. •The large quantities of concrete should not be deposited at a time. Otherwise the concrete will start to flow along the formwork and consequently the resulting concrete will not have uniform composition. •The concrete should be dropped vertically from a reasonable height. For vertical laying of concrete, care should be taken to use stiff mix. Otherwise the bleeding of concrete through cracks in forms will take place. The term bleeding is used to mean the diffusion or running of concrete through formwork. •The concrete should be deposited in horizontal layers of about 150 mm height. For mass concrete, the layers may be of 400 mm to 500 mm height. The accumulation of excess water in upper layers is known as t...