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Definition of Continuous frame and Truss Continuous frame A continuous frame is a structure which is dependent for its stability and load carrying capacity, upon the ability of one or more of its joints to resist moment. In other words, one or more joints in continuous frame are more or less rigid. Truss or articulated structures A truss or an articulated structure, composed of bars, connected by frictionless pins at joints, and arranged so that the area enclosed within the boundaries of the structure is sub-divided by the bars into geometrical figures usually triangles. Or A truss is an assemblage of members or bars forming a framework of different geomteric figures usually triangles

✡  PRIMAR REQUIREMENTS OF FORMWORK REQUIREMENTS OF FORMWORK REQUIREMENTS OF FORMWORK – QUALITY, SAFETY & ECONOMY In the selection of materials for formwork, the three general principles  of quality ,  safety  and  economy must be paramount. Material quality can ensure safety, and significantly contributes to the achievement of economy. Formwork failure can result in loss of life and always causes catastrophic financial loss. Some general guidelines can be given for form face and framing materials, and for the associated components. These can be covered under the headings of Strength Stiffness Impact Resistance Durability Weight Accuracy Compatibility Insulation 1.   STRENGTH The material strength must be adequate to resist the forces anticipated. This is not only a structural design requirement, but also an essential safety aspect. 2.   STIFFNESS The structural movement under load must be small and predictable....

Civil Engineering Classes HOW TO DETERMINE WEIGHT VOLUME RELATIONSHIP OF SOIL? [STEP BY STEP] WEIGHT VOLUME RELATIONSHIP OF SOIL The physical properties of a soil give insight as to the identification of the soil and the determination of its characteristics and load response. These properties can be determined by performing a laboratory analysis on undisturbed soil samples obtained during the test boring process. The laboratory analysis should be performed in accordance with the following ASTM Standard: D-854: Test Method for Specific Gravity of Soils It should be noted that laboratory analyses are performed under controlled conditions with exacting materials and equipment. The results of such analyses may be considered to be accurate. A field sample of undisturbed soil will contain three separate and distinct constituents – solids, water, and air. One of the important properties that must be determined in the laboratory analysis is tha...

DIFFERENCE BETWEEN PLASTERING & POINTING PLASTERING Applying mortar coats on the surfaces of walls, columns, ceiling etc. to get smooth finish is termed as plastering. Mortar used for plastering may be lime mortar, cement mortar or lime-cement mortar. Lime mortar used shall have fat lime to sand ratio of 1 : 3 or 1 : 4. If hydraulic lime is used mix proportion (lime: sand) is 1 : 2. Cement mortar of 1 : 4 or 1 : 6 mix is very commonly used for plastering, richer mix being used for outer walls. To combine the cost effectiveness of lime mortar and good quality of cement mortar many use lime-cement mortar of proportion (cement : lime : sand) of 1 : 1 : 6 or 1 : 1 : 8 or 1 : 2 : 8. The objective of plastering are: To conceal defective workmanship To give smooth surface to avoid catching of dust. To give good look. To protect the wall from rain water and other atmospheric agencies. To protect surfaces against vermit.   Requirement of good plaster are: It sh...

Civil Engineering Classes DESIGN PROCEDURES FOR A BUILDING FOUNDATION (STEP BY STEP)  Design Procedure of foundation Good design must not only be safe but must aim to save construction costs, time and materials. The following procedures should help to achieve this and an ‘educated’ client will recognize the importance of funding this work with a realistic fee. 1. DECIDE THE LOCATION OF COLUMNS & FOUNDATION AND TYPE OF LOADS ACTING ON THEM.(E.X DEAL LOAD, LIVE LOAD OR WIND LOAD) On the building plan, the position of columns and loadbearing walls should be marked, and any other induced loadings and bending moments. The loads should be classified into dead, imposed and wind loadings, giving the appropriate partial safety factors for these loads. 2. ESTIMATE ALLOWABLE BEARING PRESSURE OF SOIL USING GROUND INVESTIGATION REPORT. From a study of the site ground investigation (if available), the strength of the soil at various depths or strata below foundation level sh...

Civil Engineering Classes 🔲 *GWSSB Important Questions (MCQ/ Objective Type) for the Competitive Examinations of AAE (Civil).* 🔲 🔰 *Online Preparation* ⛔ *OLD EXAM PAPERS OF GWSSB*  (GWSSB), Important Questions (MCQ/ Objective Type) for the Competitive Examinations of AAE, AE, DEE and EE (Civil). (Note:  Here 25 New Questions Randomly Available Every Times) Total No of Posts:   83 Posts. Name of Posts and Education Qualifications: Additional Assistant Engineer (Civil): 83 Posts. Education Qualifications: Diploma/Degree in Civil Engineering by recognized university/ Board or equivalent. Like Our Facebook Page for Latest Updates Syllabus for Written Exam: Paper – I (Technical- objective type Maximum Marks 200) Emphasis will be given on the subjects like Elements of Civil Engineering, Civil Engineering Drawing, Construction Technology, Engineering Material, Surveying, Estimation and Valuation, Transportation Engineering...

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Hi Friends, how are you i hope everything fine. Here i am presenting some important Best Civil Engineering Project Topics and Ideas. If you have full rush of thoughts about final year projects and you so confused about selecting project topic do not worry , I know how difficult it was to find out best topic for final year project that's why here i am giving  you best projects for final year students. If you do not have any idea about project topics just take a look here i will share best engineering projects for civil final year students. Without any tensions just select the best topic for final year project. ( Visit http://www.civilengineeringclasses.blogspot.com  For More Interesting Information about civil engineering) best civil engineering projects ideas 🔘 1000 Best Civil Engineering Project Topics and Ideas Here i will give you  full list of civil engineering projects for final year students. Even i have covered almost all topics. now you do not think ver...

જમીનના - કદના માપનું કોષ્ટક 1 એકર=40 ગુંઠા,       1 એકર=4840 વાર 1 એકર=43560 ફૂટ,  1 એકર=0.4047 હેકટર 1 એકર=2.5 વીઘા,     1 વીઘા =16 ગુંઠા 1 વીઘા =16 ગુંઠા,       1 વીઘા =17424 ફૂટ 1 હેક્ટર =6.25 વીઘા, 1 ગુંઠા =101.2 મીટર 1 ગુંઠા =121 વાર,       1 ગુંઠા =1089 ચો. ફૂટ 1 મીટર =100 સે.મી.,  1 મીટર =3.28 ફૂટ ,39.37ઈંચ 1 મીટર =1,196 વાર, 1 ચો.મીટર =10.76 ફૂટ 1 વાર =3 ફૂટ,             1 વાર =0.9144 મીટર 1 ચો. વાર =9 ફૂટ        1 ફૂટ =0.3048 મીટર, 1 ઈંચ =25.3 મી. મી.  1 મીટર =1000 મી.મી. 1 ગજ =2 ફૂટ,            1 ગજ =0.61 મીટર 1 કડી =2 ફૂટ,             1 કડી =0.61 મીટર 1 સાંકળ =16 કડી,      1 સાંકળ =10.06 મીટર 1 સાંકળ =33 ફૂટ,   ...