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Duties and Responsibilities of Junior Engineers under PWD

Duties and Responsibilities of Junior Engineers under PWD Junior Engineers are one of the key elements in the pyramid structured executive unit of the Public Works Department. They are responsible for the execution of original/ maintenance works and maintenance of material accounts and public asset with which they are concerned. There was no such rules as specified on Duties and Responsibilities of Junior Engineers in PWD Code and/ or other manual which are being followed during execution of works in PWD. The matter was under active consideration of this department for some time past. Now after careful consideration of the matter, the Governor is pleased to frame over following Duties and Responsibilities of Junior Engineers under the control of this department for the purpose of better and effective execution of works in PWD. A. General All the duties as mentioned below are only illustrative and not exhaustive. A Junior Engineer is expected to assist his superior officers in per...
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Caisson foundation

Civil Diary Online A caisson foundation is a type of deep foundation that is used for large structures like bridges, skyscrapers, and other heavy structures. It is a cylindrical structure that is drilled or dug into the ground, then filled with concrete or steel reinforcing bars. The process of installing a caisson foundation involves the following steps: Site Preparation: The area where the caisson is to be installed is cleared and leveled. Excavation: A hole is drilled or dug into the ground using a large drill or a mechanical auger. Reinforcement: Steel reinforcing bars, also called rebar, are inserted into the hole to strengthen the structure and provide support. Filling: The caisson is filled with concrete, which is poured from the top of the structure down to the bottom, displacing any water or soil that may be present. Capping: Once the concrete has set, a cap is installed on top of the caisson to support the structure that will be built on top. There are two types of caissons:...
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Types of foundation used in construction

Civil Diary Online There are several types of foundation used in construction, including: Strip Foundation: A strip foundation is a continuous strip of concrete that is used to support the load of a building. It is typically used for small structures, such as single-story buildings. Pad Foundation: A pad foundation is a type of shallow foundation that is used to support individual columns or piers. It consists of a single, thick slab of concrete that is placed directly beneath the column. Raft Foundation: A raft foundation is a large, flat slab of concrete that is used to support the entire structure. It is typically used in areas with weak soil or where the load on the foundation is heavy. Piled Foundation: A piled foundation is used when the soil is too weak to support a conventional foundation. Piles are driven into the ground and are used to transfer the load of the building to stronger soil or rock. Basement Foundation: A basement foundation is a type of foundation that is used t...
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How to Find the Quantity of TRAPEZOIDAL Footing

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Concrete Engineering Tests

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Civil Diary Online Split tensile strength test of concrete Split tensile strength test is a method of determining the tensile strength of concrete using a cylinder which splits across the vertical diameter. It is an indirect m ethod of testing tensile strength of concrete. The tensile strength of concrete is one of the basic and important properties. Splitting tensile strength test on concrete cylinder is a method to determine the tensile strength of concrete. The concrete is very weak in tension due to its brittle nature and is not expected to resist the direct tension. The concrete develops cracks when subjected to tensile forces. Thus, it is necessary to determine the tensile strength of concrete to determine the load at which the concrete members may crack. AIM: To determine the splitting tensile strength of cylindrical concrete specimens. Apparatus : Testing Machine  - The testing machine may be of any reliable type, of sufficient capacity for the tests and capa...
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Quantity Of Materials in Cement Concrete

Civil Engineering Classes Cement, Aggregate & Sand quantity are used in 1:1.5:3 concrete.....  Dry Volumn Concrete = Approximate 54 % to 57 % more than Wet Volumn Concrete. so, considering the factor of safety ranging from 1.54 to 1.57 to counter that shrinkage.  i.e., Volume of dry concrete = 1.54 to 1.57 times Volume of wet concrete
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Uses of Dams with Examples

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Civil Engineering Classes      Uses of Dams with Examples dam  is a constructed barrier that holds back water and raises its level. The important uses of dams have made it a matter of great concern for human civilization. What are Dams Used for There are many dams in this civilized world. Although the main function of these dams is to hold water back, they often provide additional useful facilities. Major dam uses are discussed below. Water Supply Water stored in reservoirs of the dam is used to provide adequate amounts of quality freshwater to residential, industrial facilities and mining sites. Dams can be used to regulate the flow of water in rivers. This is to say that water can be released from the reservoir to support wildlife and ecosystems downstream during a drought, and water can be released for agricultural uses during the same drought. Example: Warragamba, a water supply dam of Australia, supplies water to more than 3.7 million people living in Sydn...
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Civil Engineering Classes How to calculate the materials for a circular RCC water tank In this illustration we will calculate cement, sand, crushed stone and of course steel for given water tank. RCC has 1:2:4 with 15 cm thickness PCC has 1:2:4 with thickness equal to 10 cm The slab is RCC having 1:2:4 with 10 cm thickness And of course there is a hole and the hole is circular with diameter = 60 cm The depth is equal to 3 cm The steel is 1% and #4 bar will be used Solution: Diameter = 4 meter + 2(15 cm) + 2 (10 cm) = 4.5 m = external circle diameter PCC work = πD2/4 * T = π (4.5)2/4 * 0.1 = 1.59 m3 Assume the base or floor as S1 and wall as S2 D2 = 4 meter + 2(15 cm) = 4.3 m The next approach is the RCC work in wall S1 = π (D1)2/4 * T = π (4.3)2/4 * 0.15 = 2.178 m3 RCC work in wall S2 = π ((D1)2 – (D)2)/4 * d = π ((4.3)2 – (4)2)/4 * 3 = 5.867 m3 RCC work in slab = π (4.3)2/4 * 0.1 = 1.452 m3 Deduction for hole = π (0.6)2/4 * 0.1 = 0.0282 m3 RCC work in Slab – ...
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Top 100 Civil Engineering Interview Questions and its Answers

Civil Engineering Classes Top 100 Civil Engineering Interview Questions and its Answers 1) What is a Waffle slabs? Waffle slabs are a reinforced concrete footing and slab system constructed on ground. They consist of a perimeter footing (edge beam) and a series of narrow internal beams (strip footings) at one meter nominal centers running each way. The whole footing and slab system is constructed on top of the ground. 2) What is a mat foundation? A mat foundation, according to the Dictionary of Construction, is a continuous foundation with a thick slab that supports a whole structure. The foundation is shallow and poured over reinforcing mats. 3) What is a waffle pod concrete slab? The Waffle Pod Slab System is a better way of building concrete slabs for new homes, extensions or commercial industrial buildings. 4) How thick is the slab of a house? Around the edge of the slab, the concrete forms a beam that is perhaps 2 feet deep. The rest of the slab is 4 or 6 inche...
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